乳液降滤失剂的制备及其在压裂液体系中的应用

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和烯丙基聚乙二醇(APEG)为原料,制得多元共聚乳液GY-9。将GY-9与腐植酸混合得到降滤失剂GJH-1,考察了单体配比、腐植酸与GY-9配比、GJH-1用量、温度等对其降滤失性能的影响;研究了其对页岩的抑制性及其对防膨率的影响。实验结果表明,制备GY-9的最佳m(AM)∶m(AA)∶m(AMPS)∶m(APEG)=2∶1∶1.5∶3;当m(腐植酸)∶m(GY-9)=13∶7时,GJH-1的降滤失效果最好。在淡水基浆中添加1.0%(w,基于体系质量)GJH-1时,静滤失量、高温高压滤失量分别达到4.5 m L和6.7 m L,具有良好的降滤失性能;GJH-1对页岩膨胀有抑制作用,当GJH-1用量为1.0%(w)时,防膨率达87.7%;将GJH-1添加到压裂液体系中,可有效提高压裂液体系的耐温、耐盐性能,对破胶性能基本无影响。     

聚乳酸接枝马来酸酐/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物的制备与性能

以马来酸酐(MAH)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为单体,通过溶液接枝法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)接枝MAH/BA共聚物(m PLA)。使用红外光谱(FT-IR)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TG)研究了接枝共聚物的结构和性能。结果表明,随着单体质量比BA/MAH的增加,单体在PLA上的接枝率出现先增大后减小的趋势,当m(MAH)/m(BA)=1/1,m(MAH)/m(PLA)=3/100时,制备的m PLA接枝率最高为1.96%;与纯PLA相比,m PLA的结晶度和热稳定性均比有所下降,且样品的接枝率越大其结晶度越低;随着单体中BA含量的增加,m PLA的熔融温度和玻璃化转变温度有减小的趋势。     

Thickness and scratch resistance of adsorbed film formed by triblock symmetrical copolymer solutions

The thickness and scratch resistance of adsorbed films formed on mild steel samples (MS1020), which have been immersed in water copolymer solutions, are reported. The effects of bulk temperature and the copolymer structures, normal, poly(ethylene oxide)_m‐poly(propylene oxide)_n‐poly(ethylene oxide)_m, and reverse, poly(propylene oxide)_n‐poly(ethylene oxide)_m‐poly(propylene oxide)_n, are elucidated. The films' thicknesses are independent of structure but not of temperature. The adsorbed films of above cloud point solutions are thicker than below cloud point. However, nanoscratch experiments carried out to measure the scratch resistance of the films reveal that despite of thicker film formed by above cloud point solutions, it is relatively more prone to being detached than the thinner films of below cloud point solutions. The effect of extreme pressure additive, alkyl phosphate ester (APE), is also investigated suggesting the normal copolymer has comparable scratch resistance with APE when used at below the cloud point. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于BP神经网络的淀粉/EVA复合发泡材料 流变性能预测模型及应用

以聚乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)添加质量分数、甘油添加质量分数、Na HCO3添加质量分数为3个输入量,以淀粉/EVA复合发泡材料熔体的黏度值为输出量,建立了3层BP(back propagation)神经网络模型,并通过毛细管流变仪对复合发泡材料的熔体黏度进行测试,将其正交试验结果作为样本进行训练。研究结果表明,该BP神经网络模型能较为准确地预测复合发泡材料的流变性能;同时发现,随着EVA添加质量分数的增加,复合发泡材料的熔体黏度增加;而随着甘油添加质量分数的增加和Na HCO3添加质量分数的增加,所得复合发泡材料的熔体黏度均下降。     

氧化石墨烯与甲基丙烯酸和烯丙基磺酸钠共聚物的制备与性能

通过氧化和超声波作用制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)纳米相片层分散液,再与甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)进行自由基共聚反应制备了氧化石墨烯与甲基丙烯酸和烯丙基磺酸钠的共聚物P(GOMAA-SAS),各组分的质量比为m(MAA)∶m(SAS)∶m(GO)=13∶6∶1。FT-IR检测结果表明GO与单体之间发生了共聚反应,AFM检测结果表明共聚物中GO片层的厚度为4 nm、长宽在5~10 nm范围。应用结果表明用10%的P(GO-MAA-SAS)鞣制皮革的收缩温度为84℃,GO的鞣制作用与GO的纳米效应和与胶原纤维的键合作用及其二者之间的协同作用有关,研究结果 GO纳米片层可以鞣制皮革并且GO的分散状态是影响鞣制效果的主要因素。     

共聚物钻井液降滤失剂的合成与性能评价

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为原料,采用氧化还原引发体系合成了一种四元共聚物水基钻井液降滤失剂。确定了最佳合成条件:单体配比为AM/AMPS/AA/DMC=55∶30∶10∶5(质量比),引发剂加量各为0.3%(单体浓度为1),单体总浓度为20%(质量分数),反应温度为50℃,溶液p H值为7,反应时间为4 h。对聚合物进行了红外表征,合成产品与设计结构一致。钻井液性能评价结果显示:淡水基浆中聚合物加量为0.7%时,常温中压滤失量为6.0 m L,经过180℃老化后,API滤失量为8.2 m L,高温高压滤失量为11.6 m L;聚合物加量为1.0%时的页岩相对回收率达到99.4%。说明AM/AMPS/AA/DMC聚合物降滤失能力强,且热稳定性和抑制性能好。     

One-pot synthesis of soluble wholly aromatic liquid crystalline copoly(ester amide)s with high thermal and dimensional stability

Abstract

Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) have been of great interest for electronic packaging. Herein, we introduce a series of wholly aromatic, thermotropic LCPs from copoly(ester amide)s of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and 4-aminophenol, prepared by a convenient one-pot melt polycondensation. Almost synthesized copoly(ester amide)s exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents at room temperature. Furthermore, they possessed high thermal stability with 2% degradation temperatures (T_id) of 359–368?°C and the char yields (at 600?°C) of 50.3–55.6%. The synthesized copoly(ester amide)s had relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values, which were 35.85–41.21?ppm °C^?1 in the temperature range of 50–200?°C. Furthermore, an annealing process could be employed to improve the thermomechanical properties of synthesized polymers. For instance, the CTE of sample LCP3 in range temperature of 275–315?°C was reduced by more than 90% after annealing at 320?°C for 1?h, implying the feasibility for electronic packaging.     

基于ISIGHT的安全气囊盖板结构优化设计方法研究

选取某款弱化沟槽呈“H”形的聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈?丁二烯?苯乙烯共聚物(PC/ABS)合金材质安全气囊盖板为研究对象，并构建了其有限元仿真模型，对比有限元力学仿真分析结果与理论计算值验证了该有限元仿真模型的可靠性；通过ISIGHT软件集成Catia和ANSYS，选取安全气囊盖板弱化沟槽的横向长度、深度，纵向长度、深度4个参数作为设计变量，选取弱化沟槽横向最大应力与纵向最大应力作为响应变量，分析了设计变量对响应变量的贡献度分布特征并采用NSGA遗传算法对响应变量多目标优化。结果表明,横向长度、纵向深度对横向最大应力为负贡献度，横向深度、纵向长度为正贡献度；横向深度、纵向长度对纵向最大应力为负贡献度，横向长度、纵向深度为正贡献度；在合理范围内，4个参数值的优化设计，实现了横向最大应力提高和纵向最大应力降低的多目标优化，有效减少了安全气囊盖板爆破时产生的碎屑量，提升了产品的安全性能。     

Preparation of hydrophobic flat sheet membranes from PVDF-HFP copolymer for enhancing the oxygen permeance in nitrogen/oxygen gas mixture

In this study, poly(vinilydene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) was used for preparation of hydrophobic membranes using non-solvent induced phase inversion(NIPS) technique. PVDF-HFP copolymer with concentrations of 10 wt% and 12 wt% was prepared to investigate the effect of polymer concentration on pore structure,morphology, hydrophobicity and performance of prepared membranes. Besides, the use of two coagulation baths with the effects of parameters such as coagulant time, polymer type and concentration, and the amount of nonsolvent were studied. The performance of prepared membranes was evaluated based on the permeability and selectivity of oxygen and nitrogen from a gas mixture of nitrogen/oxygen under operating conditions of feed flow rate(1–5 L·min~(-1)), inlet pressure to membrane module(0.1–0.5 MPa) and temperatures between 25 and 45 °C. The results showed that the use of two coagulation baths with different compositions of distillated water and isopropanol,coagulant time, polymer type and concentration, and the amount of non-solvent additive have the most effect on pore structure, morphology, thickness, roughness and crystallinity of fabricated membranes. Porosity ranges for the three fabricated membranes were determined, where the maximum porosity was 73.889% and the minimum value was 56.837%. Also, the maximum and minimum average thicknesses of membrane were 320.85 μm and115 μm. Besides, the values of 4.7504 × 10~(-7) mol· m~(-2)· s~(-1)· Pa~(-1), 0.525 and 902.126 nm were achieved for maximum oxygen permeance, O_2/N_2 selectivity and roughness, respectively.     

Chemically Tailored Multifunctional Asymmetric Isoporous Triblock Terpolymer Membranes for Selective Transport

Membrane-based separation of organic molecules with 1–2 nm lateral dimensions is a demanding but rather underdeveloped technology. The major challenge is to fabricate membranes having distinct nanochannels with desired functionality. Here, a bottom-up strategy to produce such a membrane using a tailor-made triblock terpolymer featuring miscible end blocks with two different functional groups is demonstrated. A scalable multifunctional integral asymmetric isoporous membrane is fabricated by the solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly of the block copolymer combined with nonsolvent-induced phase separation. The membrane nanopores are readily functionalized using positively and negatively charged moieties by two straightforward gas–solid reactions. The pores of the post-functionalized membranes act as target-specific functional soft nanochannels due to swelling of the polyelectrolyte blocks in a hydrated state. The membranes show unprecedented separation selectivity of small molecules based on size and/or charge which demonstrates the potential of the proposed strategy to prepare next-generation nanofiltration membranes.